{"id":1113,"date":"2018-09-21T15:46:24","date_gmt":"2018-09-21T15:46:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/freerohingyacoalition.org\/en\/?p=1113"},"modified":"2018-09-23T15:49:24","modified_gmt":"2018-09-23T15:49:24","slug":"canada-has-recognized-the-rohingya-genocide-now-what-should-come-next","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/freerohingyacoalition.org\/en\/canada-has-recognized-the-rohingya-genocide-now-what-should-come-next\/","title":{"rendered":"Canada has recognized the Rohingya genocide. Now what should come next?"},"content":{"rendered":"<em>By<\/em>&nbsp;Irwin Cotler and Brandon Silver | Published by <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/2NAFBDi\">MACLEANS<\/a> on September 21, 2018\r\n<p id=\"post-excerpt\" class=\"post-excerpt\"><strong>In the wake of a UN report detailing atrocities against the Rohingya by Myanmar\u2019s authorities, here are the ways Canada can step up in their defence<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<em>Irwin Cotler is a former minister of justice and attorney general of Canada, professor emeritus of international law at McGill University, and the founding chair of the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights.&nbsp;Brandon Silver is the centre\u2019s&nbsp;director of policy and projects.<\/em>\r\n\r\nWhat we solemnly swore would occur \u201cnever again,\u201d has happened yet again. And on Wednesday, Canada formally recognized the nature of it: Genocide, in Myanmar.\r\n\r\nThe UN fact-finding mission on Myanmar just&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23575&amp;LangID=E\">released<\/a>&nbsp;its full 440-page&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/HRC\/MyanmarFFM\/Pages\/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM1.aspx\">report<\/a>&nbsp;which documents, in great and graphic detail, the genocide of the Rohingya people. It bears witness to brutalities too terrible to be believed, but not too terrible to have happened.\r\n\r\nTestimony from those who escaped&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortifyrights.org\/downloads\/Fortify_Rights_Long_Swords_July_2018.pdf\">describe&nbsp;gruesome scenes<\/a>&nbsp;that shock the conscience and shake the soul. Babies being burned alive in bonfires, children chopped to pieces with swords, the elderly battered and beheaded, women and girls gang-raped\u2014all state-sanctioned and under military command.\r\n\r\nWhat is so unspeakable is not only the horror of the genocide itself, but that this genocide was preventable. No one can say that we did not know; we knew, but we did not act.\r\n\r\nIndeed, for close to&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/ap.ohchr.org\/documents\/dpage_e.aspx?m=89\">three decades<\/a>&nbsp;the UN has been describing and denouncing\u2014though not engaging in any meaningful measures around\u2014the persecution of the Rohingya muslims. As the situation reached a tipping point six years ago, Canadian parliamentarians sought to sound the alarm, holding public&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/Committees\/en\/SDIR\/StudyActivity?studyActivityId=6772370\">hearings<\/a>, publishing a comprehensive&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/DocumentViewer\/en\/41-1\/SDIR\/report-12\/\">report<\/a>, participating in press conferences, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/openparliament.ca\/debates\/2013\/5\/31\/irwin-cotler-2\/\">petitioning<\/a>&nbsp;for urgent action.\r\n\r\nAnd what was the response? Silence. An appalling indifference and inaction in the face of such horror and human suffering.\r\n\r\nWe are now in the midst of an ongoing genocide, and the urgent need for action persists. Taking such action is not only a right, but a requirement.\r\n\r\nIndeed, as we mark the historic 70th anniversary year of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/crimeofgenocide.aspx\">UN Convention on Genocide<\/a>\u2014to which Myanmar and Canada are both signatories\u2014we must recall its legal obligations. In its first article, the Genocide Convention states that \u201cthe Contracting Parties confirm that genocide is a crime under international law which they undertake to&nbsp;<em>prevent<\/em>&nbsp;and to&nbsp;<em>punish<\/em>.\u201d\r\n\r\nLikewise, the&nbsp;Responsibility to Protect Doctrine (R2P)\u2014adopted unanimously in the&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/ods\/A-RES-60-1-E.pdf\">UN 2005 World Summit Outcome Document<\/a>\u2014mandates international action to \u201cprotect a state\u2019s population from genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing.\u201d\r\n\r\nWhile members of the international community did not fulfill their obligations in either regard\u2014leaving innocents to be murdered and maimed, tortured and tormented\u2014it is not too late for the thousands of Rohingya remaining in northern Rakhine State and the other minorities in Kachin and Shan States who are now similarly being&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/HRC\/MyanmarFFM\/Pages\/ReportoftheMyanmarFFM1.aspx\">targeted<\/a>&nbsp;with impunity.\r\n\r\nCanada&nbsp;is well-placed to help spearhead international action. It has&nbsp;already&nbsp;exercised leadership with the appointment of Bob Rae as special envoy and his important&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/international.gc.ca\/world-monde\/issues_development-enjeux_developpement\/response_conflict-reponse_conflits\/crisis-crises\/rep_sem-rap_esm.aspx?lang=eng#a5\">recommendations<\/a>&nbsp;in that regard, while Foreign Minister&nbsp;Chrystia&nbsp;Freeland&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/freeland-rohingya-refugee-bangladesh-1.4649523\">has visited<\/a>&nbsp;the Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh and has raised the Rohingya crisis at every opportunity, including at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/canada-g7-agenda-rohingya-venezuela-1.4622315\">G7<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/freeland-korea-rohingya-asean-1.4768746\">Asean<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/global-affairs\/news\/2018\/04\/foreign-minister-chrystia-freeland-and-foreign-secretary-boris-johnson-call-for-greater-international-support-and-coordination-to-the-rohingya-crisis.html\">Commonwealth<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/global-affairs\/news\/2018\/04\/foreign-minister-to-attend-meetings-in-bangladesh-on-the-rohingya-crisis.html\">OIC<\/a>, and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/global-affairs\/news\/2018\/02\/address-by-minister-freeland-to-the-high-level-segment-of-the-37th-session-of-the-human-rights-council.html\">UN Human Rights Council<\/a>. Importantly, Canada has implemented a comprehensive&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/international.gc.ca\/world-monde\/issues_development-enjeux_developpement\/response_conflict-reponse_conflits\/crisis-crises\/strat-rohingya.aspx?lang=eng\">strategy<\/a>&nbsp;that includes humanitarian aid and targeted sanctions.\r\n\r\nYet there is still more to be done.\r\n\r\nIn 2007, Canada instituted hard-hitting&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/regulations\/SOR-2007-285\/20071213\/P1TT3xt3.html\">sanctions<\/a>&nbsp;on Myanmar, which contributed at the time to the military junta\u2019s move toward greater openness and democratic reform. That led to the repeal of most of these sanctions in 2012.&nbsp;In light of a backsliding in every one of these measures\u2014and in particular the perpetration of genocide itself\u2014Canada should reintroduce these sanctions, and encourage its allies to do the same.\r\n\r\nAny easing of sanctions would&nbsp;need to&nbsp;be tied to clear steps and measurable progress regarding the situation of Rohingya in northern Rakhine and creating the conditions for a safe, dignified, and secure return for those forced into Bangladesh, including an end to violence, the restoration of full citizenship, and the halting of the National Verification Card Process, as well as restoration of property and reparations for damages. In&nbsp;short:&nbsp;there must be a guarantee of&nbsp;a protected return to a protected homeland.\r\n\r\nAs well, we reiterate our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/politics\/article-human-rights-lawyer-urges-ottawa-to-revoke-aung-san-suu-kyis-honorary\/\">call<\/a>\u2014and&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cpac.ca\/en\/programs\/headline-politics\/episodes\/64493758\">that<\/a>&nbsp;of the Rohingya community and Canadian civil society\u2014to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/video?clipId=1492489\">revoke<\/a>&nbsp;Canada\u2019s highest honour that was bestowed upon Myanmar\u2019s State Counsellor, Aung San Suu Kyi.\r\n\r\nMyanmar\u2019s civilian government has aided and abetted the military\u2019s genocide, with Suu Kyi participating in the hateful incitement against Rohingya, and providing protective cover and support for the continued commission of crimes. She\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/opinion\/myanmars-suu-kyi-is-no-asian-mandela\/article36308323\/\">denied<\/a>&nbsp;the atrocities,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/jun\/30\/myanmar-refuses-visas-un-abuse-rohingya-muslims\">restricted<\/a>&nbsp;access to international monitors and investigators,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortifyrights.org\/downloads\/They_Block_Everything_EN_Fortify_Rights_August_2018.pdf\">weaponized<\/a>&nbsp;the denial of humanitarian aid and, when two Reuters journalists who were reporting on the killings of Rohingya were unjustly imprisoned last week, she&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/world\/suu-kyi-comments-myanmar-journalists-1.4821691\">defended<\/a>&nbsp;it as being part of a proper process.\r\n\r\nThat process was a sham. Her actions bring shame.\r\n\r\nAung San Suu Kyi\u2019s honorary Canadian citizenship is a standing affront to the&nbsp;<em>raison d\u2019etre<\/em>&nbsp;of conferring this&nbsp;privilege, and an embarrassment to the pantheon of heroes that comprise it. In contrast to actual citizenship\u2014which has attendant rights and privileges\u2014this was solely an honorific bestowed by a motion in Parliament, and so parliamentarians should be allowed to vote their conscience on a motion to revoke it.\r\n\r\nCanada must&nbsp;also<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>work to deter the Myanmar authorities and send clear signals that they cannot act with impunity, and will be held accountable for their crimes.&nbsp;While it is encouraging that the International Criminal Court&nbsp;(ICC)<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>has just&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/Pages\/item.aspx?name=180918-otp-stat-Rohingya\">announced<\/a>&nbsp;a preliminary examination into the situation\u2014a process that many Canadians and Canadian institutions had significantly contributed to, and one that Canada should support through financial and investigative resources\u2014it is ultimately highly limited in its jurisdiction, focusing primarily on the forced deportations of Rohingya to Bangladesh.\r\n\r\nAccordingly, Canada may wish&nbsp;to mobilize its allies in pushing for a referral of the situation by&nbsp;the UN Security Council to the ICC; a veto from China is not a given, and such a resolution would be a worthwhile endeavour nonetheless. If&nbsp;it\u2019s&nbsp;successful,&nbsp;it&nbsp;would give the ICC&nbsp;broader jurisdiction over the genocide and crimes against humanity that have been perpetrated by individuals in Myanmar. However, with the Court\u2019s woefully inadequate resources\u2014further spread thin over the examination, investigation, or prosecution of a number of different alleged crimes around the world\u2014such a mandate may not prove practical given the urgency of deterrence and accountability around the ongoing crimes.\r\n\r\nA more compelling alternative, as put forth by the UN fact-finding mission, would be the establishment of an ad-hoc international tribunal\u2014as was done in the cases of the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda\u2014that would exclusively and expeditiously undertake the task of investigating and prosecuting the perpetrators of the Rohingya genocide.\r\n\r\nRegardless of the individual accountability mechanism, Canada should act on its earlier commitment in response to Rae\u2019s recommendation to spearhead a resolution at the UN General Assembly or Human Rights Council&nbsp;that would establish&nbsp;an international, impartial, and independent&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/iiim.un.org\/mandate\/\">mechanism<\/a>&nbsp;that immediately begins compiling evidence toward the investigation and prosecution of those individuals responsible, signalling to&nbsp;perpetrators&nbsp;in Myanmar that they are being watched, and that they will face punishment for their actions.\r\n\r\nHowever, the most important chance for change from the status quo\u2014of imperilled victims, and impunity for oppressors\u2014is contained in the UN Convention on Genocide. Specifically, it allows for Canada to refer the case of Myanmar\u2019s responsibility for the genocide of the Rohingya to the International Court of Justice. Given that the genocide was prepared and perpetrated by Myanmar as a matter of state principle and policy, state responsibility under the Convention\u2014as distinct from the accountability of individuals offered by other mechanisms\u2014is a most apparent and appropriate path.\r\n\r\nSome in the international community may respond that such bold measures will get in the way of effective engagement with Myanmar\u2019s authorities. But if inaction\u2014or ineffective action\u2014is the cost of engagement, then the consequence of that engagement is tantamount to appeasement.&nbsp;In the face of genocide, appeasement should never be an option.\r\n\r\nWe look to the Canadian government to further intensify and internationalize its commendable leadership, and that its response to the UN Report be commensurate with the gravity of the crimes.\r\n\r\nAs the members of the UN mission put it: \u201cThe international community has failed. Let us now resolve not to fail the people of Myanmar again.\u201d","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By&nbsp;Irwin Cotler and Brandon Silver | Published by MACLEANS on September 21, 2018 In the wake of a UN report detailing atrocities against the Rohingya by Myanmar\u2019s authorities, here are <\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/freerohingyacoalition.org\/en\/canada-has-recognized-the-rohingya-genocide-now-what-should-come-next\/\" class=\"read-more\">continue reading<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1114,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mbp_gutenberg_autopost":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"rise-blocks_total_comments":5,"rise-blocks_categories":[{"term_id":1,"name":"Uncategorized","slug":"uncategorized","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":4,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":4,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Uncategorized","category_nicename":"uncategorized","category_parent":0}],"rise-blocks_excerpt":"By&nbsp;Irwin Cotler and Brandon Silver | Published by MACLEANS on September 21, 2018 In the wake of a UN report detailing atrocities against the Rohingya by Myanmar\u2019s authorities, here are the ways Canada can step up in their defence Irwin Cotler is a former minister of justice and attorney general of Canada, professor emeritus of international law at McGill University,..","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Canada has recognized the Rohingya genocide. 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